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Sensor Information & Signal Processing

Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte aus dem Bereich Sensorinformationsverarbeitung

Übersichtsvortrag

 jahresbericht2017-sar_imaging-nies

High resolution mono- and bistatic SAR imaging by using a novel modular Radar transmitter and multichannel receiver system

This work is the continuation of the development of radar sensors within the HITCHHIKER project. While i the first phase of this noise technology related project, the main focus was on the development of the noise transmitter system, the navigation system and the calibration devices as well as on the signal processing in half stationary SAR and on ISAR configurations, now the airborne mono- and bistatic experiments will have to be prepared and performed.

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jahresbericht2017-functional_lifting_2.0_moeller

Functional Lifting 2.0:

Efficient Convexifications for Imaging and Vision

Almost all solutions of computer vision and image processing problems rely on high dimensional optimization problems. Examples are the training of neural networks in machine learning techniques, or variational methods, in which the solution is determined as the argument that minimizes a suitable cost function.

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3dlandscapescanning.gif

Ubiquitous Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging

The continuous, daylight and weather independent monitoring of our environment, of our surroundings, moving objects (e.g. traffic monitoring) on ground (cars) or in the air (aircrafts) or on sea (ship and vessel monitoring) is an increasingly important and wide field of user and application interests for sustainable development, for logistics and for security and requires satellites with a permanent ubiquitously (microwave) illumination capability. Because of the extremely high operational cost for the primary radar stations currently used for air traffic monitoring, there is an urgent need for alternative technologies yielding cost-effective and global coverage. However, conventional civilian Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites, like TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, COSMO-Skymed, RADARSAT-2 and SENTINEL-1 are operated in a sun-synchronous orbit which only allows daylight synchronous observation on the one hand, while the orbit time on the other is in the range of 95 min, allowing only revisit times of the same area of interest of the order of several days (as in the case of TerraSAR-X)

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 3dlandscapescanning.gif

Inverse Process Model with Local Model Networks

 Modeling of nonlinear systems based on measured data is of growing interest in the last decades. Especially in the case, that multiple input and output quantities are available, the development of physical-based models is time consuming or even infeasible. So, an alternative way has to be considered

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comsar-lo.png
Interferometric SAR image (radar intensity and interfer-ometric phase) of Dreis-Tiefenbach/Siegen acquired by the HITCHHIKER system in 2009.and 2014

ComSAR -
Compressive Sensing (CS) methods
applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar

Compressive Sensing (CS) methods applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) one the one hand promise the reduction of raw data rates and quantity without losing any information concerning the final result (this was the principal paradigm and main direction of CS in the beginning), but more importantly, and this is the driver and motivation of this research proposal, it enables the development of new methods of information retrieval.

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Active Learning strategy with the engine measurement as an example

          

Active Learning with HilomotDoE

The Design of Experiments (DoE) is used in the development and optimization of many products and processes. The experiments are used to model a functional relationship between design parameters (inputs) and the corresponding qualities (outputs) given by the process

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rawis
Collapsed structures after earthquake:
Typical scenario for application of RAWIS warning system.
© Fraunhofer FHR / Uwe Bellhäuser

Radar Warning and Information System (RAWIS)

A „Radar-Warning and Information System for Applications in Disaster Management (RAWIS)" will be created and built up by a consortium of eight partners in order to support the emergency forces during complex cases of operations. This project is funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) with totally 3.6 mill. Euro within the programme „Research for Civil Security". Manager of the consortium is the Fraunhofer Research Institute for High-frequency Physics and Radar Technology (FHR), an important project partner of the Center for Sensor Systems (ZESS), hosted by the University of Siegen, i.e. professorship of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Ender. The BMBF provides financing for two scientific appointments for a period of three years....

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aerodynamic

Computer simulation of the air flow around one blade of a centrifugal fan.

Aerodynamic Optimization of Centrifugal Fans Using CFD-Trained Meta-Models

Due to their significant contribution to the total electricity consumption of the European Union (nearly 10%), future minimum efficiency requirements for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW are set by EU regulations. As a consequence many currently available fans on the EU market may no longer be sold and the need for efficient design and optimization methods arises. In the context of the current project we focus on centrifugal fans.....

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aviro

Feature detection and matching between image pairs
of a virtual space scene

AVIRO - Modular Perception System for Space Robotics

The effective control of robots needs an exact environment model together with a current state description. The aim of AVIRO is the development of such a system. To generate a robust three dimensional model of the environment, the system can be mounted with modular sensor devices. A multi-sensorfusion combines the data of several connected units in real-time. Parallel to this, position, attitude and speed of the system are determined continuously....

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dynlf

Acquisition of a large, static scenery with diffuse
material properties only. The goal is to additionally
encode the reflective properties for dynamic scenes,
while sticking to the online processing paradigm.

Research Project „Dynamic Light Fields"

An exciting and interdisciplinary research topic in computer graphics and computer vision is image-based rendering (IBR), where image synthesis is based on previously obtained samples of the lightfield of the scene. Previous research for IBR required static scenes or technically complex 2D camera fields, or, used geometric models requiring global optimization, as e.g. with human characters. The model assumptions in this case either strongly restricted the objects in the scene or the lighting and the reflection properties of object surfaces...

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pmd_modelling_summary

Setup for the multi-path evaluation. A reflective board
 is observed in front of a diffuse reflective screen,
where the multi-path artifact occurs, and a reference measurement setup in front of a non-reflective black curtain.

Project Summary „PMD-Modeling"

For approximately 15 years now, range measuring Time-of-Flight (ToF) camerasare under active development. One of the first approaches, the Photonic Mixing Device (PMD), was presented and prototypically implemented at the University of Siegen by Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schwarte. The PMD concept was instrumental in establishing „pmd technologies gmbh", which today is one of the world‘s leading manufacturers of ToF-cameras.

The very central idea of this knowledge-transfer project is the integrated processing and conceptual integration of the topics of sensor modeling, simulation, evaluation and algorithmics for ToF cameras, on the basis of the current development status in both, the Computer Graphics and Multimedia Systems Group, as well as the industrial partner „pmd technologies gmbh"....

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3dlandscapescanning.gif

Quelle: EZLS

Ultra high precision 3D pose estimation for 3D
landscape scanning by micro-UAVs

For some time the Institute of Real-Time Learning Systems uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for purpose
of research. Prioritized was the flight control and the recording of photo- and video- material with quadrocopter
systems. The goal of the project “Construction of 3D Environment Models by Fusing Ground and
Aerial Lidar Point Cloud Data” was the extension of these two-dimensional visual data recordings with help of a 3D model.

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kuhnertaircraft.gif

3D Simulation for path planning and execution of
a group of 3 aerial robots exploring one spot

Cooperation Concepts for Autonomous Ground and
Aircraft Vehicles for Exploration and Surveillance

During the last ten years the research group “Real Time Learning Systems” (EZLS) led by Prof. Kuhnert has been
working very successfully in the field of autonomous robotics for unstructured outdoor scenarios. In the last
three years the ground based robots with which the research started have been supplemented by aerial vehicles of different sizes.

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Simplified pan-European bathymetry and wind speed maps,
highlighting the limit area available for wind energy development
in shallow water vs. areas for which deepwater solutions
are required. (Source: Acciona, 1 Tech)

HiPRwind
High Power, High Reliability Offshore Wind Technology

During the last 20 years, the research group led by Prof. Fritzen has been dealing intensively with the development
and application of methods for damage diagnosis and structural health monitoring (SHM) of mechanical, aeronautical and civil engineering structures.

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 hitchhiker.gif

HITCHHIKER -
Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging
with a Stationary Passive Receiver System

To develop efficient algorithms for bistatic SAR focussing, there is a need for test data sets. Therefore it was
decided to build up an own affordable sensor system to perform bistatic SAR experiments. Because of the high
operating cost of a moving sensor platform, a stationary receiver was considered.

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 hitchhiker12.gif

Hitchhiker -
Multi Channel SAR Sensor

Continuing the microwave based bistatic imaging line, the Hitchhiker system is being upgraded to a fully operational
flexible multi waveform interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging system. Designed in
2009, Hitchhiker was initially a purely passive bistatic receiver system working with TerraSAR-X microwave
illumination with two coherent channels, one channel for the direct signal of the transmitter and another one
for scene echoes.

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 navisol.gif

Robust & High Accurate Navigation Solutions for GPS-Challenged Environments

Robust and highly accurate navigation systems are demanded for many applications (e.g., for robotics, automotive
industry). In the field of positioning and navigation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver has dominated the market for decades.

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 saristu.gif

Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures -SARISTU


SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures) is a large-scale integrated project which aims at achieving
reductions in aircraft weight and operational costs, as well as an improvement in the flight profile specific aerodynamic
performance. Coordinated by Airbus, the SARISTU Consortium brings together 64 partners from
16 European countries. The total budget of the project is 51 M€, partially funded by the European Commission
under FP7-AAT-2011-RTD-1 (Grant Agreement number 284562). The project started in September 2011 and is
expected to be completed by August 2015.

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Messsystem. Die breitbandigen Antennen sind
Leihgaben des Fraunhofer FHR.

„Subsurface Imaging“
Ein Radar-Blick unter die Oberfläche


Im Mikrowellenfrequenzbereich erweisen sich viele Stoffe als transparent, die für das sichtbare Licht undurchdringbar sind. Aus diesem Grund sind Radarsensoren zum Aufspüren und Abbilden von Objekten unter der Oberfläche für viele Anwendungen hoch interessant.

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 medizin.gif

Robot-based surgical assistance system for spine applications


This project is part of the activities of a ZESS research team working in the field of medical technology. In
close cooperation with physicians and industrial partners, the components of the universal surgical assistance
system modiCAS are designed, implemented, and tested.

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 tandem-x.gif

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the imaged
scene. The elevation data provided by the
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) are
used as reference and potentially as additional
 information to be processed by the Kalman filter.

Sensing the Earth‘s Third Dimension
Interferometric Processing of TanDEM-X Data:
Multi-Baseline Phase Unwrapping

Germany’s radar satellite project TanDEM-X is supposed to provide Interferometric Synthetic Aperture
Radar (InSAR) data of the Earth‘s surface with unique precision and global coverage (Fig. 1). Generated by coherently
combining two simultaneously acquired SAR images, the interferogram contains information about
the third dimension of the imaged scene in its complex values.

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lonrange.gif 
Scene Analysis (Seismic sensors and Radar sensors)

Long-range Scene Analysis with Time-of-Flight Cameras

Object recognition and tracking are the main tasks in computer vision applications such as safety, surveillance,
human-robot-interaction, driving assistance system, traffic monitoring, remote surgery, medical reasoning
and many more.

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 time-on-flight_12.gif

Development and Investigation of a Long/Medium-Range Time-of-Flight and Color Imaging System

In this work, medium and long-range lighting devices working together with a 2D/3D scanner-camera were
developed and the usability for outdoor safety and abnormality detection systems were investigated.

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simuultrasonic.gif


Vision of an aircraft, similar to the human nervous
system, completely equipped with sensors.
Source: EADS

Simulation of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Phenomena for the Optimal Design of Multi-Sensoric Monitoring Systems 

Maintenance costs have a big share of the total life cycle cost of a modern aircraft in addition to manufacturing and fuel cost.
In this context, structure-healthmonitoring systems (SHM-systems) have been integrated into aircrafts to detect early damage and to monitor efficiently the health of the structure.

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Analysis-by-synthesis with Virtual Fishes as an Experimental Method for Mate-choice studies

In June 2012 the interdisciplinary, DFG-funded project of the Institute of Real Time Learning Systems (EZLS), led by Prof. Kuhnert and the Department of Biology and Didactics, led by Prof. Witte, started. The project consists of two parts. EZLS analyses fish's movements and behaviour with help of a computer vision system. The gathered information is used in the sequel to create a photo-realistic simulation of fishes and it behaviour.

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sar

Tracking and imaging a truck using noise ISAR.
Left: Map Overview.
Right top: Target coordinate system (TCS).
Right bottom: ISAR image in TCS, resolution
is approx. 50cm

High resolution mono- and bistatic SAR imaging by using a novel modular Radar transmitter and multi-channel receiver System

The project pursues the goal of extending and enhancing the multi-channel SAR receiver system currently developed at the Center for Sensorsystems to a complete bi- and monostatic SAR sensor, respectively. The enhancement essentially comprises the development and design of a novel modular transmitter, capable to flexibly change the transmitted signal‘s waveform on a pulse to pulse basis between broadband deterministic or stochastic signals....

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segmen

3D feature space

Segmentation and Classification of High Resolution SAR Images

This project is part of a cooperation of the Center for Sensorsystems with the Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS). Hereby the work of a doctoral scholarship holder of the MOSES programme in the field of remote sensing is funded.

The main issue of the project is to build up an algorithm to automatically perform land cover classification. Another issue is buildings extraction over urban areas by using high resolution SAR images. The algorithm framework will not only compare features (e.g. texture feature, image intensity value, etc.), but also integrate statistical learning algorithms (e.g. probabilistic graph model, Bayesian parametric method, Bayesian nonparametric method, etc.). Furthermore, a suitable approximate inference technique will be chosen. In this way will combine machine learning algorithms with feature based ones for performing SAR image characterization.....

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thermo1

Thermal images of university buildings

Thermoscan - Energy Efficiency Improvement Of Buildings With Large Area High Resolution Thermography

In times of increasing energy costs, the thermal insulation of houses becomes a central and important role. Especially older buildings have a high potential for savings. Thermal bridges like shutter boxes, warped window frames or humid walls cause a loss of heat. To economize thermal energy these points need to be detected. Very suitable for this task are infrared cameras. Those systems create pseudocolor images that reflect the surface temperatures of objects in the scene. One main disadvantage is the poor optical resolution. Even expensive professional units have less than one mega pixel which is low compared against current visual cameras.....

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Ältere Projekte, sowie Listen der im Kalenderjahr laufenden Projekte, entnehmen Sie bitte unserem jährlichen Forschungsbericht:

ZESS Jahresbericht

 
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