Literature in Electronic Media Research Center (LEM)
The Literature in Electronic Media (LEM ) research center investigates the changes in literary communication and literary aesthetics through computer-based and networked media. It thus continues long-standing research work that has been initiated in several third-party funded projects and has established a unique profile in the context of the currently rapidly developing digital humanities.
currently developing. LEM is integrated into numerous worldwide working contexts such as the Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL). The current focus is on the development and maintenance of the Archive of German-Language Electronic Literature
(ADEL).
Concept
The Literature in Electronic Media (LEM ) research center follows in the tradition of comparative literary studies, which has been developed since the 1970s, not least at the University of Siegen. With an 'expanded concept of literature', attention has since been focused on the mediality and materiality of literary texts and works. From manuscripts, books and newspapers to audiovisual media, literature as (word) art has developed special forms of reflection on the communication processes generally taking place in these media, an aesthetic transformation of historical discourses.
Especially since audiovisual media such as radio and television etc. have been included among the objects of research in literary studies, the media conditions for literary reflection have been regarded as the 'media-technical unconscious', so to speak, and its structures and automatisms have been investigated. With the so-called 'digital media', into which all previous media have been transformed or at least integrated in recent years, software forms this media-technical unconscious, whose participation in socio-cultural discourses is in turn made perceptible by new literary forms.
The previous research and teaching on literature in electronic media, which has been carried out primarily in several third-party funded research projects (DFG, Volkswagen and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministry for Innovation, Science and Research NRW), will therefore be continued and placed on a sustainable basis with the establishment of the research center. The analysis of recent literary communications, the development of corresponding theoretical models and suitable methodological concepts as well as the archival preservation of the analyzed projects therefore outline the tasks and goals of the research center.
The LEM Research Centre builds on the Siegen research on literary communication in non-bibliographical media, which is recognized in the German and, above all, international research landscape. Since its foundation, literary studies in Siegen have been oriented towards an 'expanded concept of literature'. This has been reflected both in the denomination of the formative professorships (e.g. Helmut Kreuzer, Siegfried J. Schmidt, Christian W. Thomsen, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, K. Ludwig Pfeiffer, Karl Riha, Helmut Schanze etc.) and in important publications such as the anthology "Literature in the Non-Biblical Media".This can be seen in important publications such as the anthology Materiality of Communication (1988) as well as in the leading role of literary studies in the establishment of pioneering institutions such as the Institute for Empirical Literature and Media Research (LUMIS, 1984-2001), the special research area Aesthetics and Pragmatics of Screen Media (Sfb 240, 1985-2000), the research training groups Forms of Communication as Forms of Life and Intermediality, the degree program Media Planning, Development and Consulting and the BA and MA degree programs in its succession (since 1990), the endowed professorship for Literature, Art, New Media and Technologies (since 1996) and most recently the cultural studies research college Medienumbrüche (Sfb/FK 615, 2002-10) and the DFG package proposal Medienakteure und Medienpraktiken analog/digital (2010-12).
The research project Literature in Networks/Net Literature, which was funded from 2002 to 2012 as a sub-project of Sfb/FK 615, then as an individual project by the DFG and, as part of a TransCoop research project with Brown University (Providence, USA), also by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, has created important, internationally widely received theoretical prerequisites for research into the transformations of the literary system and literary aesthetics. The Archive of German-Language Electronic Literature (ADEL) , whose establishment was funded by the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research NRW, is intended to document German-language electronic literature and make it accessible in the future.
In the last 15 years, the international conferences Net Literature: Upheavals in Literary Communication (2004) and Beyond the Screen: Transformation of Literary Structures, Interfaces and Genres (2008), the English-language publications Beyond the Screen, Reading Moving Letters (both 2010) and The Aesthetics of Net Literature (2007), as well as through participation in international collaborative projects. Several collaborative research contexts have been initiated with cooperation partners in the USA, Australia and numerous European countries. Prof. Gendolla and Dr. Schäfer are among the founders of the Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL) and the DDDL: European Network of Digital Literature. In this context, the aforementioned MIWF project ADEL is part of a global archive project with partners in the USA, Australia, Canada, Norway, Spain and Portugal.
Prof. Gendolla is also co-editor of the Jahrbuch für Computerphilologie, Dr. Schäfer is editor of the book series International Texts in Critical Media Aesthetics published by Bloomsbury Academic, a member of several international working groups for the development of bibliographic and mediographic standards and a member of the editorial boards of the electronic book review and Dichtung Digital. He was also involved in the Erasmus Intensive Program European Digital Literatures in Madrid.
Since the invention of the printing press, or at the latest since the emergence of a literary system in the 18th century, societies in the 'West' at least have long been accustomed to equating literature with rows of letters printed on paper, usually bound between two book covers. This view, which has coagulated into the concept of the 'work', has become a cultural matter of course that is hardly problematized and still largely dominates literary research practice today.
Against this background, the LEM research center starts from two premises:
- that electronic media require a fundamental revision of traditional models of literary communication, which must also take into account the autonomous parts of the technical medium as well as the actions of recipients and other actors;
- that literature nevertheless cannot be defined exclusively by its mediality and that therefore traditional literary forms, genres and conventions are partly preserved or differentiated under changed media-technical conditions and partly become obsolete.
Future research should therefore, on the one hand, condense literary theoretical considerations into an aesthetic theory of literature in electronic media and, on the other hand, develop heuristics and methods for concrete case studies on literary communication 'after the book'.
The so-called 'digital humanities' are undoubtedly one of the fastest growing areas of the humanities and cultural studies internationally. Numerous research centers and cross-university institutions have been established in recent years, particularly in the American humanities. The University of Siegen has also made important contributions to this development in the past, which can be built on.
Interestingly, computer-based methods in literary studies are still used today - at least in Germany - primarily for archiving, editing and analyzing traditional works originally published in book form (computer philology, text mining, specialist databases). At the LEM research center, however, these methods are intended to support research work on literature in non-bibliographic media ('born-digital works'). The following projects are initially planned for this purpose:
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"Archive of German-language Electronic Literature" (ADEL)
(funded in the program line "Infrastructural support for the humanities and social sciences in NRW" of the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia)The Archive of German-Language Electronic Literature (ADEL) aims to document the development of electronic literature in Germany, Austria and Switzerland since the 1960s. To this end, a selection of the most important works will be collected in several stages, documented together with text-genetic materials and reproduced using emulators. The holdings will be made accessible via a web-based content management system and a collection focus will be established to provide hardware, software, documents, secondary literature etc. for scientific and curatorial purposes. The project is also being carried out within the framework of the worldwide Consortium of Electronic Literature (CELL) in close cooperation with comparable archive projects in the USA, Canada, Australia, Portugal, Spain and Norway as well as other media art archives in order to ensure the use of standardized metadata and the interoperability of the content management systems used.
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Development of methods, standards and tools for archiving, documenting and editing literature in non-bibliographic media
The use of standardized metadata and taxonomies is a crucial prerequisite for the development of an archive whose interoperability with comparable archives in other countries is to be guaranteed. While this has been successfully practised in book sciences for centuries, literature in electronic media poses completely new categorization problems. The LEM research center participates in international databases such as the Electronic Literature Directory (ELD) and the ELMCIP Knowledge Base. Dr. Schäfer and Robert Kalman are members of the working groups A Vocabulary for Electronic Literature and A Search Engine for Electronic Literature (coordination: Professor Sandy Baldwin, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NJ). These working groups are working on standardized bibliographic and mediographic metadata for databases, archives and libraries on electronic literature and on the interoperability of the various databases.
Projects
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Archive of German-Language Electronic Literature (ADEL)
The Archive of German-Language Electronic Literature (ADEL) documents the development of 'electronic literature' in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. These are experimental forms of literature that can be realized exclusively in computer-based media. In an initial stage, the ADEL provides a database that comprehensively documents this field of contemporary literature. This database is being continuously expanded and is to be developed into a repository in the future, making exemplary works accessible.
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Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL)
The Research Center is a German member of the Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL), a global network of institutions and projects that provide databases and repositories for electronic literature. In this context, the joint search engine SYNAPSE was developed, which makes it possible to search all participating databases. The research centre is also involved in the Editorial Working Group MEMBRANE, which has developed standardized bibliographic and mediographic metadata and taxonomies for databases, archives and libraries on electronic literature.
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International Texts in Critical Media Aesthetics
This book series is published by Jörgen Schäfer and Grant D. Taylor at Bloomsbury Academic. So far, ten monographs on media art, electronic literature and media theory have been published, by Lev Manovich, Martha Buskirk, Jens Schröter, Sandy Baldwin, Markku Eskelinen and Chris Funkhouser, among others.
- Subproject Literature in Networks/Net Literature
at the SFB/FK 615 Medienumbrüche (2002-10) - Cooperation project "Digital Literature" with Brown University as part of the TransCoop program of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (2006-10)
- Erasmus Intensive Program European Digital Literatures
(2012-14)
Dr. Jörgen Schäfer was one of the organizers of this international Master's programme, which was carried out in cooperation with the Universities of Paris VIII, Complutense de Madrid, Barcelona, UFP Porto, UC Falmouth and Ljubljana in Madrid.
Publications
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International Texts in Critical Media Aesthetics
Editors: Jörgen Schäfer and Grant Taylor; Founding editor: Francisco J. Ricardo
New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Previously published:- Vol. 1: C. T. Funkhouser: New Directions in Digital Poetry (2012)
- Vol. 2: Markku Eskelinen: Cybertext Poetics: The Critical Landscape of New Media Literary Theory (2012)
- Vol. 3: Martha Buskirk: Creative Enterprise: Contemporary Art between Museum and Marketplace (2012)
- Vol. 4: Francisco J. Ricardo: The Engagement Aesthetic: Electronic Encounters Across Art, Architecture, and Language (2013)
- Vol. 5: Lev Manovich: Software Takes Command: Extending the Language of New Media (2013)
- Vol. 6: Jens Schröter: 3D: History, Theory and Aesthetics of the Transplane Image (2014)
- Vol. 7: Doris Berger: Projected Art History: Biopics, Celebrity Culture, and the Popularizing of American Art (2014)
- Vol. 8: Grant Taylor: When the Machine Made Art: The Troubled History of Computer Art (2014)
- Vol. 9: Sandy Baldwin: The Internet Unconscious: On the Subject of Electronic Literature (2015)
- Vol. 10: Jihoon Felix Kim: Between Film, Video and the Digital: Hybrid Moving Images in the Post Media Age (2016)
- Vol. 11: Svetlana Boym: The Off-Modern (2017)
- Vol. 12: Joseph D. Ketner: Witness to Phenomenon: Group Zero and the Development of New Media in Postwar European Art (2017)
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Vol. 13: Ceci Moss: Expanded Internet Art: Twenty-First Century Artistic Practice and the Informational Milieu (2019)
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Yearbook for Computer Philology
Editors: Georg Braungart, Peter Gendolla and Fotis Jannidis, Münster: mentis Verlag
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Forum Computer Philology
Editors: Georg Braungart, Peter Gendolla and Fotis Jannidis
Peter Gendolla
- "Standing storm run. Transformation of the experience of time in new media", in: Bernhard Braun/Otto Neumaier (eds.): Eile mit Weile. Aspects of acceleration and deceleration in science and art. Berlin et al: LIT Verlag 2015, pp. 105-116.
- "Still Standing. Zur Geschichte und aktuellen Tendenzen der Netzliteratur", in: Text + Kritik V/2013 (= Sonderband Zukunft der Literatur), pp. 76-95. - Reprinted in: Hannes Bajohr (ed.): Code and Concept. Literature and the Digital. Berlin: Frohmann 2016, pp. 67-95.
- "No pre-existent world. On Artificial Poetry", in: Frank Haase/Till Heilmann (eds.): Interventions. Festschrift for Georg Christoph Tholen. Marburg/L.: Schüren 2013, pp. 81-97.
- "At the corner of Eddie and Gough. Impossible memories in hybrid arts", in: Wolfgang Gratzer/Otto Neumaier (eds.): Arbeit am musikalischen Werk. On the dynamics of artistic action. Freiburg i. Br.: Rombach 2013, pp. 57-74.
- "Artifical Poetry: On Aesthetic Perception in Computer-Aided Literature", in: Francisco J. Ricardo (ed.): Literary Art in Digital Performance. New York: Continuum 2010, pp. 167-177.
- "'Stay a while...' Über flüchtige Momente in der Netzliteratur", in: Renate Giacomuzzi/Stefan Neuhaus/Christiane Zintzen (eds.): Digitale Literaturvermittlung. Practice - Research - Archiving. Innsbruck: Studienverlag 2010, pp. 76-89.
- "Impossible People. Some Thoughts on the Cultural History of the Android", in: Christoph Lischka/Andrea Sick (eds.): Machines as Agency. Artistic Perspectives. Bielefeld: Transcript 2007, pp. 88-101.
- "'Confectioner! Confectioner! - Confectioner!' Zur Auflösung intermedialer Differenzen im Simulationsraum", in: Joachim Paech/Jens Schröter (eds.): Intermedialität - Analog/Digital. Theories - Methods - Analyses. Munich: Fink 2008, pp. 509-520.
- "More space? On the Dissolution of Texts into Images in New(est) Media", in: Gottfried Boehm/Gabriele Brandstetter/Achatz von Müller (eds.): Figur und Figuration. Studies on Perception and Knowledge. Munich: Fink 2007, pp. 293-306.
- "Phantoms of the South. On the utopian difference of literature in virtual space", in: Alexandra Karentzos et al. (eds.): Topologien des Reisens. Online publication, University of Trier: http://ubt.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2010/565/pdf/Topologien_des_Reisens.pdf, pp. 134-148.
Peter Gendolla & Jörgen Schäfer
- "Literature, space, new media. Eine Annäherung", in: Language and Literature 42 (2011), H. 108, pp. 2-12.
- "Reading (in) the Net. Aesthetic Experience in Computer-Based Media" (together with Peter Gendolla), in: Roberto Simanowski/this. (eds.): Reading Moving Letters. Digital Literature in Research and Teaching. Bielefeld: Transcript 2010, pp. 81-108.
- "Net Literature in the Classroom. Teaching Practice at the University of Siegen" (together with Patricia Tomaszek), in: Roberto Simanowski/this. (eds.): Reading Moving Letters. Digital Literature in Research and Teaching. Bielefeld: Transcript 2010, pp. 273-289.
- "Playing With Signs: Towards an Aesthetic Theory of Net Literature", in: dies. (ed.):The Aesthetics of Net Literature. Writing, Reading and Playing in Programmable Media. Bielefeld: Transcript 2007, pp. 17-42.
- "Interplays. Zur ästhetischen Differenz in Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikationen", in: Urs Meyer/Roberto Simanowski/Christoph Zeller (eds.): Transmedialität. Studies on paraliterary processes. Göttingen: Wallstein 2006, pp. 82-97.
- "Alla ricerca di tracce. Letteratura nella rete, letteratura creata per la rete e la loro storia", in: Testo: Studi di teoria e storia della letteratura e della critica 25 (2004), H. 47, pp. 65-75.
- "In search of traces. Literatur im Netz, Netzliteratur und ihre Vorgeschichte(n)", in: TEXT + KRITIK 152/2001: Digitale Literatur, pp. 74-85.
Jörgen Schäfer
- "Passing the Calvino Test? Writing Machines and Literary Ghosts", in: Daniela Côrtes Maduro (ed.): Digital Media and Textuality. From Creation to Archiving. Bielefeld: Transcript 2017, pp. 23-44.
- "Literature in the media upheaval. Perspektiven einer Allgemeinen Literaturwissenschaft", in: Jörg Döring/Jörgen Schäfer/Ralf Schnell (eds.): Wechselseitige Erhellung der Künste. Possibilities of a General Literary Studies. Siegen:universi 2016, pp. 25-40.
- "How to edit pop literature. Textgenese, Überlieferung und Edition von Tristesse Royale", in: Katharina Krüger/Elisabetta Mengaldo/Eckhard Schumacher (eds.):Textgenese und digitales Edieren. Wolfgang Koeppen's "Jugend" in the Context of Editionsphilology, Berlin, New York: de Gruyter 2016, pp. 131-154.
- "Reflecting on Lady P. From the Adlon Tapes to Tristesse Royale - Preliminary Considerations for a Textgenetic Partial Edition"
(together with Jan Süselbeck), in: Journal for Literary Studies and Linguistics (LiLi) 45 (2015), H. 179, pp. 108-133. - "Rethinking Comparative Literature: Literary Studies in the Age of Electronic Media", in: Philippe Bootz/Hermès Salceda (eds.): Littérature et Numérique: quand, comment, pourquoi? Paris 2014, pp. 131-150 (= Formules 18/2014).
- "Netzliteratur", in: Natalie Binczek/Till Dembeck/Jörgen Schäfer (eds.): Handbuch Medien der Literatur. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter 2013, pp. 481-501.
- "Reassembling the Literary. Toward a Theoretical Framework for Literary Communication in Computer-Based Media", in: ders./Peter Gendolla (eds.): Beyond the Screen. Transformations of Literary Structures, Interfaces and Genres. Bielefeld: Transcript 2010, pp. 25-70.
- "The conditional letters. Sprachreflexion und kombinatorische Literatur", in: Thomas Kamphusmann/ders. (eds.): Other than art. Aesthetics and Techniques of Communication. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag 2010, pp. 195-233.
- "Distributed literary action. Vorüberlegungen zu einer Theorie der Literatur in computerbasierten Medien", in: Renate Giacomuzzi/Stefan Neuhaus/Christiane Zintzen (eds.): Digitale Literaturvermittlung: Praxis - Forschung - Archivierung. Innsbruck: STUDIENverlag 2010, pp. 90-115.
- "Looking Behind the Façade: Playing and Performing an Interactive Drama", in: Francisco J. Ricardo (ed.): Literary Art in Digital Performance. Case Studies in New Media Art and Criticism. New York: Continuum 2009, pp. 143-166.
- "Playable conflicts. Gattungsstrukturen und Spielhandlungen im interaktiven Drama", in: Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbandes 55 (2008), H. 3, pp. 288-302 (= Themenheft Literatur im Medienwechsel, ed. by Andrea Geier/Dietmar Till).
- "The Making of Pop-Literature: Rolf Dieter Brinkmann und sein Kölner Freundeskreis", in: Dirk Matejovski/Marcus S. Kleiner/Enno Stahl (eds.): Pop in R(h)einkultur. Surface aesthetics and everyday culture in the region. Essen: Klartext 2008, pp. 103-124.
- "Gutenberg Galaxy Revis(it)ed: A Brief History of Combinatory, Hypertextual and Collaborative Literature from the Baroque Period to the Present", in: Peter Gendolla/ders. (eds.): The Aesthetics of Net Literature. Writing, Reading and Playing in Programmable Media. Bielefeld: Transcript 2007, pp. 121-160.
- "Literary Machines Made in Germany. German Proto-Cybertexts from the Baroque Era to the Present", in: Markku Eskelinen/Raine Koskimaa (eds.): The Cybertext Yearbook Database: Theme Issue on Ergodic Histories. Jyväskylä (SF) 2007, 69 pp.
- "Digitale Literatur und Kunst: Blended Learning zu ästhetischen Prozessen in und mit Informatiksystemen", in: Jörgen Schäfer/ Sigrid Schubert (eds.): E-Learning und Literatur. Computer science systems in the literature classroom. Siegen: Universitätsverlag 2007, pp. 61-78.
- "Language sign processes. Reflections on the coding of literature in 'old' and 'new' media", in: Jens Schröter/Alexander Böhnke (eds.): Analog/digital - Opposition or Continuum? On the theory and history of a distinction. Bielefeld: Transcript 2004, pp. 143-168.
- "Text games. Notes on net literature", in: Language and Literature 35 (2004), H. 93, pp. 76-87.
Former employees
- Patricia Tomaszek M.A. (now Rzeszów, Poland)
- Dr. Annika Richterich
(now Maastricht, Netherlands)
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Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL)
Prof. Dr. Gendolla and Dr. Schäfer are among the founding members of this international research initiative, which was established at a joint workshop with the Electronic Literature Organization (ELO), the HERA research network Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice (ELMCIP) and the Australian research group Creative Nation: Writers and Writing in the New Media Culture at the University of Western Sydney in December 2010. This consortium has since been expanded to include further member institutes.
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Electronic Literature Organization (ELO)
There has been a cooperation agreement with the ELO since 2007, which has already proved its worth in the collaboration on the Electronic Literature Directory (ELD) and in an archiving project with the Library of Congress.
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DDDL: European Network of Digital Literature
Dr. Schäfer is a founding member and German representative of this European network, which was initiated at a founding meeting in Paris in October 2011 and has since organized several international events (e.g. Erasmus IP, ELO Conference Chercher le texte).
- Dichtung digital: Journal for the art and culture of digital media
- electronic book review (ebr)
- Labex-Arts H2H, Paris
- Research Group Electronic Literature, University of Bergen
- Creative Nation, University of Western Sydney
- Laboratoire nt2, Montréal
- Arquivo digital da PO.EX, Porto
events
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Exhibition and conference "Shapeshifting Texts" in Bremen
International Conference on Digital Media and Textuality and exhibition Shapeshifting Texts at the University of Bremen, November 3-5, 2016
Jörgen Schäfer takes part in the conference Digital Media and Textuality
and exhibition opening Shapeshifting Texts
at the University of Bremen, organized by the great Daniela Cortés Maduro. -
Cologne Media Lecture: "The acts of reading. Reception-theoretical considerations on literature in digital media"
Lecture by Jörgen Schäfer as part of the "Cologne Media Lectures", University of Cologne, June 7, 2016, 6:30 pm, WISO building XXIII (Schmalenbach lecture hall)
The Internet as a global writing and reading environment is changing the communication relationships that have been quite stable in book culture for several centuries. Literary production and reception are related to each other in a fundamentally different way when computer-based and networked media link the software-controlled signal processing in the computer with the actions of recipients in an increasingly dense way. Works of 'electronic net literature', such as The Readers Project by John Cayley and Daniel Howe, raise questions in experimental variations such as: Who writes and who reads? Who speaks and who remains silent? What does 'reading' even mean? Who observes, controls and defines what the reader reads? What degrees of autonomy do the computer systems have in this process, which control and control the recipient, which enable but also interrupt the literary imagination again and again? Following on from theories of reception theory, the lecture uses a number of examples to explore the 'co-productions', but also 'co-receptions' between human and non-human actors.
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p0es1s. Digital Poetry. Positions
Reading and discussion with Friedrich W. Block (artist and author, Kassel) and Jörg Piringer (artist, Vienna); moderated by Jörgen Schäfer, literary scholar, Siegen; Haus der Poesie, Berlin, January 14, 2016, 7 p.m.
What languages does poetry speak? Natural, artificial, all of them? For years, the Literaturwerkstatt Berlin/Haus für Poesie has been exploring the languages of poetry, including the digital. The first major exhibition p0es1s. Digital Poetry
took place in Berlin back in 2004.
"It is clear that digital poetry has reached the time of the retrospective. Is it already at its end?" summarizes Friedrich Block. What new potential is it developing and in which direction is it moving? The "digital natives" have grown up and there are countless products for a networked, digital life. However, the mass of new devices and applications and the associated possibilities do not automatically produce artistic innovations.
Two protagonists of this genre, which moves between programming languages, multimedia art and natural speech, present computer-oriented language art and discuss its development.Friedrich W. Block (*1960 Berlin) has curated the "p0es1s" exhibitions since 2004 - the first was shown in 1992. He is a literary scholar, artist and curator and is the director of the Brückner-Kühner Foundation
in Kassel and the Kunsttempel. He deals theoretically and artistically with digital poetry, most recently in p0es1s. A look back at digital poetry
(Ritter-Verlag 2015) - the basis and occasion of the evening.
Jörg Piringer (*1974 Vienna) is a member of the Institute for Trans-Acoustic Research and the Gemüseorchester. Piringer operates between language art, music, performance and poetic software; for example, he has trained his computer to generate sound poems.