The project sheds new light on IG Farben/Bayer's research into synthetic malaria drugs from a previously unexplored and innovative perspective and examines the question of whether and to what extent this research was instrumentalized by the politicians and scientists of fascist Italy in the 1920s and 1930s for their own purposes. This places the malaria research of IG Farben/Bayer in the context of two fascist regimes and reassesses the significance of tropical medicine research for the crimes committed by German and Italian scientists in the fight against malaria, which culminated in increasingly inhumane experiments in Italian colonies, sanatoriums or concentration camps such as Dachau. Such a shift in focus addresses 'blind spots' in the culture of remembrance: it questions cultural paradigms of remembrance, traditional roles of perpetrators and victims as well as responsibility for fascist crimes, which until now has usually only been located at a national level. The project is guided by the thesis that malaria research is a particularly good example of how questions of economic, ethical and political responsibility of scientific action can be discussed again and again. In order to process the complex interrelationships and investigate their cultural memory dimension, the project combines historical-hermeneutic archive work with a participatory and discursive social anthropological methodology that makes the cultural memory dimension accessible with regard to individual, collective and intergenerational dynamics.